PathoSense – A diagnostic game changer
PathoSense is complete sequencing-based diagnostics of infectious diseases and applied microbial genomics. Using Oxford Nanopore Technologies, PathoSense detects a wide range of viruses and bacteria without the need for prior test selection. Infectious diseases in animals are often caused by multiple co-infecting organisms – including viruses and bacteria. Why PathoSense? No need to request specific pathogens when submitting samples to the lab. Infectious diseases in animals are often caused by multiple co-infecting organisms – including viruses and bacteria. Scenarios: * Upper respiratory disease * Deep respiratory disease* Enteric disease * Systemic disease * Samples from necropsy * Reproductive disease
Sampling:
- A fine swab for small pets or poultry
- Long swab for deep sampling in the nose of a cattle or horse
- Bronchoalveolar lavage in cattle
- Tracheobronchial swabs in pigs
- Collection of samples from lesions with pathology
Key factors for diagnostic success:
- Sample timing
- Animal selection
- Collection at the place of pathology
When to sample?
The primary goal is to gather sufficient replicating infectious agents, emphasising the importance of precise sampling at the correct time of infection and the location where the pathogens are replicating.
It is vital to collect samples within the first two to three days of infection to ensure accurate detection in the lungs before the virus dissipates. Sample collection can greatly impact the diagnostic results, regardless of the technology or diagnostics used. Consider the pathogenesis carefully to identify the best spot for sample collection.
Case study: Diarrhoea in calves – PathoSense Findings:
A group of young calves was experiencing severe diarrhoea, leading to dehydration, poor weight gain, and increased mortality. Initial treatments were ineffective, prompting veterinarians to pursue further diagnostic investigation.
To identify the underlying cause of the diarrhoea, veterinarians collected faecal samples from the affected calves. The analysis revealed a complex mixture of pathogens responsible for the diarrhoea, including norovirus, rotavirus, kobuvirus and Escherichia coli. This multifactorial nature of the enteric disease highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach to treatment.
While rotavirus & Escherichia coli are well-known causes of diarrhoea in young calves, the finding of norovirus is very interesting. This is a typical gastroenteric pathogen in multiple animal species, a very resistant in the environment. Armed with detailed pathogen profiles, the veterinary team developed a targeted treatment and management strategy. This strategy included supportive care measures such as rehydration therapy, improved sanitation and biosecurity protocols to prevent the spread of resistant viruses, and improved colostrum management to ensure the uptake of passive immunity.
These measures led to a significant reduction in diarrhoea cases and improved the overall health and growth of the calves. By addressing the specific pathogens involved and enhancing preventive measures, the farm was able to effectively manage the outbreak and ensure better long-term health outcomes for the calves.
Click here to read more: PathoSense Mini Guide